Bowl liner and mantle with multiple crushing zones



Oct. 27, 1970 A. w. scHMlTz 3,536,367

` BOWL LINER AND MANTLE WITH MULTIPLE CRUSHING ZONES Filed Dec. 20, 196'? 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 Oct- 27, 1970 A. w. scHMlTz 3,536,267

BOWL LINER AND MANTLE WITH MULTIPLE CRUSHING ZONES Filed Dec. 20, 1967 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 Oct. 27, 1970 A. W. SCHMITZ BOWL LINER AND MANTLE WITH MULTIPLE CRUSHING ZONES Filed Dec. 20, 1967 4 Sheets-Sheet 5 BOWL LINER AND MANTLE WITH MULTIPLE CRUSHING ZONES Filed Dec. 20, 1967 Oct.` 27, 1970 A. w. scHMrrz United States Patent O Inf. Cl. Bozcz/zo, 2/04 U.S. Cl. 241-207 9 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE Crushers having a crushing gap inclined obliquely to the horizontal, the gap being bounded by an upper and a lower relatively movable crushing member. Crushers of this type may be in the form of Crushers having a generally conical gyrated head, or having opposed jaws, one or more of which is movable.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION This invention relates primarily to removable and replaceable wear taking members for Crushers of the above types, in which an oblique crushing gap has differentiated zones through which the material undergoing crushing must pass. Typically, the crushing gap includes a rst or upper zone bounded by downwardly and inwardly converging crushing faces, a second zone with a constant cross-section, defined by opposed, generally parallel walls, a third or expansion zone, where the walls are ared apart, and a fourth or nal zone of parallelism, of smaller radial width than the second xzone.

The invention may appropriately be applied to both cone and jaw Crushers. One purpose is to provide removable wear taking parts for such crushers in which the lower Crusher part is moved downwardly away from the normally iixed upper crushing part at such frequency and speed that the material to be crushed drops by gravity during each opening movement of the crushing parts. During the following upward closing movement of the lower crushing part the particles crushed are carried back against the upper or overhanging crushing part, as the material undergoing crushing slides obliquely down the lower crushing part.

A primary purpose of the invention is to provide a formation of crushing parts which insures a sharp-edged, generally cubic grain or particle of generally uniform size, as a result of the crushing action.

Another purpose is to provide such wearing parts in which each grain or fragment receives a plurality of crushing nips between the opposed crushing parts, with an intermediate stage in which particle is forced against particle.

Another purpose is to provide crushing parts which insure that the discharged material is substantially limited to sharp-edged cubic particles and is free, for example, from plates or particles of flat or other undesired shape.

Another purpose is to provide a formation of the opposed crushing parts which insures a pressing against each other of the partly reduced grains or fragments, with a resultant breaking up of substantially all stem and platelike grains or particles.

Another purpose is to provide crushing members delining a plurality of crushing zones in which two zones of parallelism, which may be of unlike angularity in relation to horizontal, are separated by an expansion zone of increased separation between the two crushing parts.

Another purpose is to provide wearing parts for cone crushers in which the various zones above described are 3,536,267 Patented Oct. 27, 1970 formed, in part, by circumferential channels or depressions in either or both of the crushing members.

Other purposes will appear from time to time in the course of the specification and claims:

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The invention is illustrated more or less diagrammatically in the accompanying drawings, wherein:

FIG. 1 shows the shape and position of the opposed crushing parts of a prior art cone Crusher, in partial vertical section, illustrating the crushing parts at their closest approach;

FIG. 2 is a similar section illustrating one embodiment of crushing parts of the present invention, in which a zone of expansion is provided by the formation of the upper crushing part;

FIG. 3 is a similar section illustrating a variant contouring of the opposed crushing parts, the upper part being channeled;

FIG. 4 is a similar section illustrating the formation of the zone of expansion by channeling the lower part;

FIG. 5 is a similar section illustrating the formation of the zone of expansion by channeling both Crusher parts;

FIG. 6 is a partial vertical axial section through a gyrated head crusher illustrating the formation of both crushing parts to perform the invention of the present application; and

FIG. 7 is a section through a jaw crusher, taken at right angles to the axes of the jaws, illustrating the application of the invention of the present application to a jaw Crusher.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED- EMBODIMENT The preferred embodiment of the invention is its application, in various modifications, to a gyrated head Crusher. As a matter of background, FIG. l illustrates, in vertical axial section, the contour of the typical wearing parts of a commercial type of a crusher with a generally conic gyrated head and a normally fixed bowl. It will be understood that these wearing parts, including a bowl liner 1 and a mantle 2, are arranged to be applied to a cone Crusher such as is shown in FIG. 6. In the Crusher shown in FIG. 6 a generally conic head 3 is shown as mounted at the upper end of gyrated shaft 4. The means for imparting gyration to the shaft are not shown, since they do not of themselves form part of the present invention. In the Crusher as shown in FIG. 6 the head 3 has a lower, generally spherical bearing surface 5 which is received on an upwardly spherical bearing surface 6 which may be suitably mounted on the crusher frame, a part of which is shown at 7. The details of head and frame will not be further described. It will be understood, however, that a bowl structure, generally indicated at 8, is mounted on an outer part of the frame and is normally held in lixed position. It will be understood that the bowl liner 1 of FIG. 1 is applied to a -bowl such as the bowl 8 of FIG. 6, and the mantle 2 is applied to the outer, generally conical surface of a head, such as the head 3 of FIG. 6. The bowl liner 1 and the mantle 2 of FIG. 1 indicate conventional prior art crushing members.

In the prior art structure of FIG. 1 the crushing gap comprises only two zones, Z-1 and Z-Z, the material to be crushed being fed from above into the crushing gap or crushing cavity thus formed, and being crushed to size in the zone of parallelism Z-2. It will be understood that as the head 3 is gyrated a zone of crushing approach passes about the crushing cavity, and FIG. 1 represents the closest approach of the mantle 2 to the bowl liner 1, the terminal zone Z2 being eifective to nip all the particles fed downwardly through the zone Z-l. Whereas the zone Z-2 reduces granules to a certain size, the individual particles may be plate-like or stem-like, or of other undesired shapes, rather than being sharp-edged and cubical.

In the forms of bowl liner and mantle shown in FIGS. 2 to 5, inclusive, the crushing gap in each case comprises four zones which are indicated in all of the figures as an initial feed receiving zone, Z1, a zone of parallelism, Z-2, an expansion zone, Z-3, and a final sizing zone of parallelism, Z4. It will 5be noted that in the varying structures of FIGS. 2 to 5 the third zone, Z3, has a radial cross-section, to receive the material undergoing crushing, which first increases, and then decreases, as the opposing faces of the two crushing members initially flare apart and subsequently converge. For convenience, it is called an expansion zone. The zones Z-2 and Z-4 may be described as zones of parallelism, or of constant passage cross-section. It will be understood that the zone Z3, between the zones Z-2 and Z-4, may be formed by varying the contour of the bowl liner 1, or of the mantle 2, or of both of them.

Referring, for example, to FIG. 2, the inner surface of the bowl liner 1, as at 20, continues generally rectilinearly downwardly and outwardly beyond zone Z-Z, whereas the opposite surface 21 of the mantle 2 dlverges somewhat inwardly therefrom. Then, at 20a, the inner surface of the liner 1 again begins to converge toward the surface 21 of the mantle 2. Finally, the fourth zone, or the zone of parallelism or of constant cross-section, Z-4, terminates the crushing cavity, and all of the particles which had been fed into the upper part of the initial zone Z-l are discharged therefrom and receive a final crushing nip therein.

In FIG. 3, the provision of the four deslred zones 1s obtained by providing a channel circumferentially about the inner surface of the bowl liner 1. This channel 1s indicated at 30, with an outwardly aring wall portion 31 and a lower converging portion 32. It will be noted that in FIG. 3, as in FIG. 2, the fourth zone, Z-4, has a somewhat smaller clearance than the second zone, Z-2. In FIG. 3 the zones Z-3 and Z-4 have substantially the same inclination, whereas in FIG. 2 the zone of parallelism, Z-2, is at a slightly different inclination than the zone Z4.

In FIG. 4 the desired provision of the four zones 1s provided by the employment of a circumferential channel in the mantle 2. This channel, indicated generally at 40, has its upper divergent wall portion 41, and its lower converging wall portion 42. In the form of FIG. 4 the fourth zone, Z-4, is somewhat more obtusely inclined to the vertical than is the zone of parallelism, Z-Z. This is the reverse of the relationship in FIG. 2 between zones Z-2 and Z4.

In FIGS. 5 and 6, both the bowl liner 1 and the mantle 2 are channeled to define the expanding and contracting form of expansion zone Z-3. The channel in the liner 1 is indicated at 50 and the opposed channel in the mantle 2 is indicated at 51, with their diverging wall portions 50a and 51a, and the converging wall portions 50b and Slb. The zones Z-2 and Z-4, zones of parallelism, may be at the same angle, or they may be varied somewhat. As in connection with the other forms of the crushing members, the fourth zone, Z-4, has a crushing gap somewhat less than the crushing gap of the second zone Z-2, and is the final sizing zone for the crushed material.

In FIG. 7 is illustrated a jaw crusher in which an upper jaw 60 overhangs a lower jaw 61. The jaw plates 60a and 61a are contoured to define the four zones, Z-1, Z-2, Z-3 and Z-4, as shown in FIG. 7. It will be understood that whereas the contouring follows, in general, that of FIG. 2, it may be varied, if desired, to conform to one or another of FIGS. 3, 4, or 5.

It will be realized that whereas a practical and operative device has been disclosed, and various forms thereof, nevertheless many changes may be made in size, shape, number and disposition of parts. It is therefore desired that the description and drawings be taken, in a broad sense, as illustrative or diagrammatic rather than as limiting.

The use and operation of the invention are as follows:

Whether the invention is practiced with a cone crusher, as shown in FIG. 6, or Iwith a jaw crusher, as shown in FIG. 7, it is preferred to form the opposed crushing parts to define the four zones above described, which also are shown in the drawings. The upwardly flared initial zone Z-1 receives the material fed downwardly into the crushing cavity from any suitable feeding means, not shown. The second zone is a zone of parallelism or an initial sizing zone, as at Z-Z. The third zone, Z3, Whether formed by channeling either or both of the crushing members, is a zone of expansion in which the granules of the material undergoing crushing are contacted not only by the 'working surfaces of the crushing members but, also, to a major extent, are pressed against each other. Thereby the granules of stem or plate-like shape, or of undesired irregular or elongated shape, are broken down in the expansion zone Z-3. After the subsequent finishing and sizing in zone Z-4 the granules are substantially cubic, and elongated stem-like or plate-like particle shapes 'have been substantially eliminated.

The lower zone of parallelism, Z-4, is prevailingly of smaller radial clearance than the upper zone of parallelism, Z-2, while the intermediate expansion zone, Z3, has substantially greater radial clearance than the two zones of parallelism. Under some circumstances, it may be an advantage to'vary the relative angularity of the two zones of parallelism. They may be of substantially uniform parallelism, as in FIG. 3. The lower zone of parallelism may be at a more acute angle in relation to horizontal than the upper zone, as in FIG. '2, or this relationship may be reversed, as in FIG. 4. What is essential is that the intermediate zone of expansion, Z3, receives the material initially sized by the upper zone, Z-2., and delivers material to the lower or final crushing or sizing zone, Z4.

What is claimed is:

1. A crusher with a crushing gap inclined obliquely to the 'horizontal and limited by a stationary upper and a movable lower crushing member having a maximum throw at its lower end, said members defining a material receiving crushing gap with an initial infeed zone formed by downwardly converging walls, and a subsequent second zone having a constant passage cross section for the material to be crushed, the structure being characterized by the fact that the second zone of the crushing gap is followed by a third zone, having, first, an increasing and, thereafter, a decreasing passage cross section, the third zone being followed by a fourth zone having a constant passage cross section smaller than the constant passage cross section of the second zone.

2. The structure of claim 1 characterized in that the crushing members have opposed, generally conic faces.

3. The structure of claim 1 characterized in that the crushing members have opposed, generally conic faces, the third zone being formed by a recess extending circumferentially about one of the crushing members.

4. The structure of claim 1 characterized in that the crushing members have opposed, generally conic faces, the third zone being formed by opposed recesses extending circumferentially about both of the crushing members.

5. The structure of claim 1 characterized in that the third zone is formed by a recess extending horizontally across one of the crushing members.

6. The structure of claim 1 characterized in that the third zone is formed by opposed recesses extending horizontally across both crushing members.

7. The structure of claim 1 characterized in that the slope of the crushing gap in the fourth zone is smaller than that of the second zone.

8. Crusher parts for crushing rock and the like which include a stationary inclined upper crushing member opposed to and overhanging an inclined lower crushing member movable relative to the upper crushing member dening between them a sloping crushing gap inclined in relation to the horizontal, the opposed surfaces of the two members dening a rst zone having downwardly inclined convergent walls, a second zone having parallel inclined walls, a third zone dening an expansion chamber, the initial part of which is formed by outwardly divergent Walls, the terminal part of which is dened by downwardly convergent Walls leading to a fourth zone having parallel inclined Walls.

9. The structure of claim 8 characterized in that the slope of the fourth zone is less than the slope of the second zone.

References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,607,615 11/ 1926 Greeneld. 2,314,414 3/1943 Meinhardt 241-201 X 2,635,818 4/1953 Zoerb 241-207 3,142,449 7/ 1964 Balmer 241-207 X 3,273,810 9/1966 Gasparac 241--290 U.S. Cl. X.R. 

